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SQL Exercises: IT employees who earn more than the average

SQL SUBQUERY: Exercise-28 with Solution

From the following table, write a SQL query to find out which employees are earning more than the average salary and who work in any of the IT departments. Return last name.

Sample table: employees
+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------------------+------------+------------+----------+----------------+------------+---------------+
| EMPLOYEE_ID | FIRST_NAME  | LAST_NAME   | EMAIL    | PHONE_NUMBER       | HIRE_DATE  | JOB_ID     | SALARY   | COMMISSION_PCT | MANAGER_ID | DEPARTMENT_ID |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------------------+------------+------------+----------+----------------+------------+---------------+
|         100 | Steven      | King        | SKING    | 515.123.4567       | 2003-06-17 | AD_PRES    | 24000.00 |           0.00 |          0 |            90 |
|         101 | Neena       | Kochhar     | NKOCHHAR | 515.123.4568       | 2005-09-21 | AD_VP      | 17000.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            90 |
|         102 | Lex         | De Haan     | LDEHAAN  | 515.123.4569       | 2001-01-13 | AD_VP      | 17000.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            90 |
|         103 | Alexander   | Hunold      | AHUNOLD  | 590.423.4567       | 2006-01-03 | IT_PROG    |  9000.00 |           0.00 |        102 |            60 |
|         104 | Bruce       | Ernst       | BERNST   | 590.423.4568       | 2007-05-21 | IT_PROG    |  6000.00 |           0.00 |        103 |            60 |
|         105 | David       | Austin      | DAUSTIN  | 590.423.4569       | 2005-06-25 | IT_PROG    |  4800.00 |           0.00 |        103 |            60 |
|         106 | Valli       | Pataballa   | VPATABAL | 590.423.4560       | 2006-02-05 | IT_PROG    |  4800.00 |           0.00 |        103 |            60 |
|         107 | Diana       | Lorentz     | DLORENTZ | 590.423.5567       | 2007-02-07 | IT_PROG    |  4200.00 |           0.00 |        103 |            60 |
|         108 | Nancy       | Greenberg   | NGREENBE | 515.124.4569       | 2002-08-17 | FI_MGR     | 12008.00 |           0.00 |        101 |           100 |
|         109 | Daniel      | Faviet      | DFAVIET  | 515.124.4169       | 2002-08-16 | FI_ACCOUNT |  9000.00 |           0.00 |        108 |           100 |
|         110 | John        | Chen        | JCHEN    | 515.124.4269       | 2005-09-28 | FI_ACCOUNT |  8200.00 |           0.00 |        108 |           100 |
|         111 | Ismael      | Sciarra     | ISCIARRA | 515.124.4369       | 2005-09-30 | FI_ACCOUNT |  7700.00 |           0.00 |        108 |           100 |
|         112 | Jose Manuel | Urman       | JMURMAN  | 515.124.4469       | 2006-03-07 | FI_ACCOUNT |  7800.00 |           0.00 |        108 |           100 |
|         113 | Luis        | Popp        | LPOPP    | 515.124.4567       | 2007-12-07 | FI_ACCOUNT |  6900.00 |           0.00 |        108 |           100 |
|         114 | Den         | Raphaely    | DRAPHEAL | 515.127.4561       | 2002-12-07 | PU_MAN     | 11000.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            30 |
|         115 | Alexander   | Khoo        | AKHOO    | 515.127.4562       | 2003-05-18 | PU_CLERK   |  3100.00 |           0.00 |        114 |            30 |
|         116 | Shelli      | Baida       | SBAIDA   | 515.127.4563       | 2005-12-24 | PU_CLERK   |  2900.00 |           0.00 |        114 |            30 |
|         117 | Sigal       | Tobias      | STOBIAS  | 515.127.4564       | 2005-07-24 | PU_CLERK   |  2800.00 |           0.00 |        114 |            30 |
|         118 | Guy         | Himuro      | GHIMURO  | 515.127.4565       | 2006-11-15 | PU_CLERK   |  2600.00 |           0.00 |        114 |            30 |
|         119 | Karen       | Colmenares  | KCOLMENA | 515.127.4566       | 2007-08-10 | PU_CLERK   |  2500.00 |           0.00 |        114 |            30 |
|         120 | Matthew     | Weiss       | MWEISS   | 650.123.1234       | 2004-07-18 | ST_MAN     |  8000.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            50 |
|         121 | Adam        | Fripp       | AFRIPP   | 650.123.2234       | 2005-04-10 | ST_MAN     |  8200.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            50 |
|         122 | Payam       | Kaufling    | PKAUFLIN | 650.123.3234       | 2003-05-01 | ST_MAN     |  7900.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            50 |
|         123 | Shanta      | Vollman     | SVOLLMAN | 650.123.4234       | 2005-10-10 | ST_MAN     |  6500.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            50 |
|         124 | Kevin       | Mourgos     | KMOURGOS | 650.123.5234       | 2007-11-16 | ST_MAN     |  5800.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            50 |
|         125 | Julia       | Nayer       | JNAYER   | 650.124.1214       | 2005-07-16 | ST_CLERK   |  3200.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         126 | Irene       | Mikkilineni | IMIKKILI | 650.124.1224       | 2006-09-28 | ST_CLERK   |  2700.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         127 | James       | Landry      | JLANDRY  | 650.124.1334       | 2007-01-14 | ST_CLERK   |  2400.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         128 | Steven      | Markle      | SMARKLE  | 650.124.1434       | 2008-03-08 | ST_CLERK   |  2200.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         129 | Laura       | Bissot      | LBISSOT  | 650.124.5234       | 2005-08-20 | ST_CLERK   |  3300.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         130 | Mozhe       | Atkinson    | MATKINSO | 650.124.6234       | 2005-10-30 | ST_CLERK   |  2800.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         131 | James       | Marlow      | JAMRLOW  | 650.124.7234       | 2005-02-16 | ST_CLERK   |  2500.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         132 | TJ          | Olson       | TJOLSON  | 650.124.8234       | 2007-04-10 | ST_CLERK   |  2100.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         133 | Jason       | Mallin      | JMALLIN  | 650.127.1934       | 2004-06-14 | ST_CLERK   |  3300.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         134 | Michael     | Rogers      | MROGERS  | 650.127.1834       | 2006-08-26 | ST_CLERK   |  2900.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         135 | Ki          | Gee         | KGEE     | 650.127.1734       | 2007-12-12 | ST_CLERK   |  2400.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         136 | Hazel       | Philtanker  | HPHILTAN | 650.127.1634       | 2008-02-06 | ST_CLERK   |  2200.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         137 | Renske      | Ladwig      | RLADWIG  | 650.121.1234       | 2003-07-14 | ST_CLERK   |  3600.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         138 | Stephen     | Stiles      | SSTILES  | 650.121.2034       | 2005-10-26 | ST_CLERK   |  3200.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         139 | John        | Seo         | JSEO     | 650.121.2019       | 2006-02-12 | ST_CLERK   |  2700.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         140 | Joshua      | Patel       | JPATEL   | 650.121.1834       | 2006-04-06 | ST_CLERK   |  2500.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         141 | Trenna      | Rajs        | TRAJS    | 650.121.8009       | 2003-10-17 | ST_CLERK   |  3500.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         142 | Curtis      | Davies      | CDAVIES  | 650.121.2994       | 2005-01-29 | ST_CLERK   |  3100.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         143 | Randall     | Matos       | RMATOS   | 650.121.2874       | 2006-03-15 | ST_CLERK   |  2600.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         144 | Peter       | Vargas      | PVARGAS  | 650.121.2004       | 2006-07-09 | ST_CLERK   |  2500.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         145 | John        | Russell     | JRUSSEL  | 011.44.1344.429268 | 2004-10-01 | SA_MAN     | 14000.00 |           0.40 |        100 |            80 |
|         146 | Karen       | Partners    | KPARTNER | 011.44.1344.467268 | 2005-01-05 | SA_MAN     | 13500.00 |           0.30 |        100 |            80 |
|         147 | Alberto     | Errazuriz   | AERRAZUR | 011.44.1344.429278 | 2005-03-10 | SA_MAN     | 12000.00 |           0.30 |        100 |            80 |
|         148 | Gerald      | Cambrault   | GCAMBRAU | 011.44.1344.619268 | 2007-10-15 | SA_MAN     | 11000.00 |           0.30 |        100 |            80 |
|         149 | Eleni       | Zlotkey     | EZLOTKEY | 011.44.1344.429018 | 2008-01-29 | SA_MAN     | 10500.00 |           0.20 |        100 |            80 |
|         150 | Peter       | Tucker      | PTUCKER  | 011.44.1344.129268 | 2005-01-30 | SA_REP     | 10000.00 |           0.30 |        145 |            80 |
|         151 | David       | Bernstein   | DBERNSTE | 011.44.1344.345268 | 2005-03-24 | SA_REP     |  9500.00 |           0.25 |        145 |            80 |
|         152 | Peter       | Hall        | PHALL    | 011.44.1344.478968 | 2005-08-20 | SA_REP     |  9000.00 |           0.25 |        145 |            80 |
|         153 | Christopher | Olsen       | COLSEN   | 011.44.1344.498718 | 2006-03-30 | SA_REP     |  8000.00 |           0.20 |        145 |            80 |
|         154 | Nanette     | Cambrault   | NCAMBRAU | 011.44.1344.987668 | 2006-12-09 | SA_REP     |  7500.00 |           0.20 |        145 |            80 |
|         155 | Oliver      | Tuvault     | OTUVAULT | 011.44.1344.486508 | 2007-11-23 | SA_REP     |  7000.00 |           0.15 |        145 |            80 |
|         156 | Janette     | King        | JKING    | 011.44.1345.429268 | 2004-01-30 | SA_REP     | 10000.00 |           0.35 |        146 |            80 |
|         157 | Patrick     | Sully       | PSULLY   | 011.44.1345.929268 | 2004-03-04 | SA_REP     |  9500.00 |           0.35 |        146 |            80 |
|         158 | Allan       | McEwen      | AMCEWEN  | 011.44.1345.829268 | 2004-08-01 | SA_REP     |  9000.00 |           0.35 |        146 |            80 |
|         159 | Lindsey     | Smith       | LSMITH   | 011.44.1345.729268 | 2005-03-10 | SA_REP     |  8000.00 |           0.30 |        146 |            80 |
|         160 | Louise      | Doran       | LDORAN   | 011.44.1345.629268 | 2005-12-15 | SA_REP     |  7500.00 |           0.30 |        146 |            80 |
|         161 | Sarath      | Sewall      | SSEWALL  | 011.44.1345.529268 | 2006-11-03 | SA_REP     |  7000.00 |           0.25 |        146 |            80 |
|         162 | Clara       | Vishney     | CVISHNEY | 011.44.1346.129268 | 2005-11-11 | SA_REP     | 10500.00 |           0.25 |        147 |            80 |
|         163 | Danielle    | Greene      | DGREENE  | 011.44.1346.229268 | 2007-03-19 | SA_REP     |  9500.00 |           0.15 |        147 |            80 |
|         164 | Mattea      | Marvins     | MMARVINS | 011.44.1346.329268 | 2008-01-24 | SA_REP     |  7200.00 |           0.10 |        147 |            80 |
|         165 | David       | Lee         | DLEE     | 011.44.1346.529268 | 2008-02-23 | SA_REP     |  6800.00 |           0.10 |        147 |            80 |
|         166 | Sundar      | Ande        | SANDE    | 011.44.1346.629268 | 2008-03-24 | SA_REP     |  6400.00 |           0.10 |        147 |            80 |
|         167 | Amit        | Banda       | ABANDA   | 011.44.1346.729268 | 2008-04-21 | SA_REP     |  6200.00 |           0.10 |        147 |            80 |
|         168 | Lisa        | Ozer        | LOZER    | 011.44.1343.929268 | 2005-03-11 | SA_REP     | 11500.00 |           0.25 |        148 |            80 |
|         169 | Harrison    | Bloom       | HBLOOM   | 011.44.1343.829268 | 2006-03-23 | SA_REP     | 10000.00 |           0.20 |        148 |            80 |
|         170 | Tayler      | Fox         | TFOX     | 011.44.1343.729268 | 2006-01-24 | SA_REP     |  9600.00 |           0.20 |        148 |            80 |
|         171 | William     | Smith       | WSMITH   | 011.44.1343.629268 | 2007-02-23 | SA_REP     |  7400.00 |           0.15 |        148 |            80 |
|         172 | Elizabeth   | Bates       | EBATES   | 011.44.1343.529268 | 2007-03-24 | SA_REP     |  7300.00 |           0.15 |        148 |            80 |
|         173 | Sundita     | Kumar       | SKUMAR   | 011.44.1343.329268 | 2008-04-21 | SA_REP     |  6100.00 |           0.10 |        148 |            80 |
|         174 | Ellen       | Abel        | EABEL    | 011.44.1644.429267 | 2004-05-11 | SA_REP     | 11000.00 |           0.30 |        149 |            80 |
|         175 | Alyssa      | Hutton      | AHUTTON  | 011.44.1644.429266 | 2005-03-19 | SA_REP     |  8800.00 |           0.25 |        149 |            80 |
|         176 | Jonathon    | Taylor      | JTAYLOR  | 011.44.1644.429265 | 2006-03-24 | SA_REP     |  8600.00 |           0.20 |        149 |            80 |
|         177 | Jack        | Livingston  | JLIVINGS | 011.44.1644.429264 | 2006-04-23 | SA_REP     |  8400.00 |           0.20 |        149 |            80 |
|         178 | Kimberely   | Grant       | KGRANT   | 011.44.1644.429263 | 2007-05-24 | SA_REP     |  7000.00 |           0.15 |        149 |             0 |
|         179 | Charles     | Johnson     | CJOHNSON | 011.44.1644.429262 | 2008-01-04 | SA_REP     |  6200.00 |           0.10 |        149 |            80 |
|         180 | Winston     | Taylor      | WTAYLOR  | 650.507.9876       | 2006-01-24 | SH_CLERK   |  3200.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         181 | Jean        | Fleaur      | JFLEAUR  | 650.507.9877       | 2006-02-23 | SH_CLERK   |  3100.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         182 | Martha      | Sullivan    | MSULLIVA | 650.507.9878       | 2007-06-21 | SH_CLERK   |  2500.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         183 | Girard      | Geoni       | GGEONI   | 650.507.9879       | 2008-02-03 | SH_CLERK   |  2800.00 |           0.00 |        120 |            50 |
|         184 | Nandita     | Sarchand    | NSARCHAN | 650.509.1876       | 2004-01-27 | SH_CLERK   |  4200.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         185 | Alexis      | Bull        | ABULL    | 650.509.2876       | 2005-02-20 | SH_CLERK   |  4100.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         186 | Julia       | Dellinger   | JDELLING | 650.509.3876       | 2006-06-24 | SH_CLERK   |  3400.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         187 | Anthony     | Cabrio      | ACABRIO  | 650.509.4876       | 2007-02-07 | SH_CLERK   |  3000.00 |           0.00 |        121 |            50 |
|         188 | Kelly       | Chung       | KCHUNG   | 650.505.1876       | 2005-06-14 | SH_CLERK   |  3800.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         189 | Jennifer    | Dilly       | JDILLY   | 650.505.2876       | 2005-08-13 | SH_CLERK   |  3600.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         190 | Timothy     | Gates       | TGATES   | 650.505.3876       | 2006-07-11 | SH_CLERK   |  2900.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         191 | Randall     | Perkins     | RPERKINS | 650.505.4876       | 2007-12-19 | SH_CLERK   |  2500.00 |           0.00 |        122 |            50 |
|         192 | Sarah       | Bell        | SBELL    | 650.501.1876       | 2004-02-04 | SH_CLERK   |  4000.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         193 | Britney     | Everett     | BEVERETT | 650.501.2876       | 2005-03-03 | SH_CLERK   |  3900.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         194 | Samuel      | McCain      | SMCCAIN  | 650.501.3876       | 2006-07-01 | SH_CLERK   |  3200.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         195 | Vance       | Jones       | VJONES   | 650.501.4876       | 2007-03-17 | SH_CLERK   |  2800.00 |           0.00 |        123 |            50 |
|         196 | Alana       | Walsh       | AWALSH   | 650.507.9811       | 2006-04-24 | SH_CLERK   |  3100.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         197 | Kevin       | Feeney      | KFEENEY  | 650.507.9822       | 2006-05-23 | SH_CLERK   |  3000.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         198 | Donald      | OConnell    | DOCONNEL | 650.507.9833       | 2007-06-21 | SH_CLERK   |  2600.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         199 | Douglas     | Grant       | DGRANT   | 650.507.9844       | 2008-01-13 | SH_CLERK   |  2600.00 |           0.00 |        124 |            50 |
|         200 | Jennifer    | Whalen      | JWHALEN  | 515.123.4444       | 2003-09-17 | AD_ASST    |  4400.00 |           0.00 |        101 |            10 |
|         201 | Michael     | Hartstein   | MHARTSTE | 515.123.5555       | 2004-02-17 | MK_MAN     | 13000.00 |           0.00 |        100 |            20 |
|         202 | Pat         | Fay         | PFAY     | 603.123.6666       | 2005-08-17 | MK_REP     |  6000.00 |           0.00 |        201 |            20 |
|         203 | Susan       | Mavris      | SMAVRIS  | 515.123.7777       | 2002-06-07 | HR_REP     |  6500.00 |           0.00 |        101 |            40 |
|         204 | Hermann     | Baer        | HBAER    | 515.123.8888       | 2002-06-07 | PR_REP     | 10000.00 |           0.00 |        101 |            70 |
|         205 | Shelley     | Higgins     | SHIGGINS | 515.123.8080       | 2002-06-07 | AC_MGR     | 12008.00 |           0.00 |        101 |           110 |
|         206 | William     | Gietz       | WGIETZ   | 515.123.8181       | 2002-06-07 | AC_ACCOUNT |  8300.00 |           0.00 |        205 |           110 |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------------------+------------+------------+----------+----------------+------------+---------------+
Sample table: departments
+---------------+----------------------+------------+-------------+
| DEPARTMENT_ID | DEPARTMENT_NAME      | MANAGER_ID | LOCATION_ID |
+---------------+----------------------+------------+-------------+
|            10 | Administration       |        200 |        1700 |
|            20 | Marketing            |        201 |        1800 |
|            30 | Purchasing           |        114 |        1700 |
|            40 | Human Resources      |        203 |        2400 |
|            50 | Shipping             |        121 |        1500 |
|            60 | IT                   |        103 |        1400 |
|            70 | Public Relations     |        204 |        2700 |
|            80 | Sales                |        145 |        2500 |
|            90 | Executive            |        100 |        1700 |
|           100 | Finance              |        108 |        1700 |
|           110 | Accounting           |        205 |        1700 |
|           120 | Treasury             |          0 |        1700 |
|           130 | Corporate Tax        |          0 |        1700 |
|           140 | Control And Credit   |          0 |        1700 |
|           150 | Shareholder Services |          0 |        1700 |
|           160 | Benefits             |          0 |        1700 |
|           170 | Manufacturing        |          0 |        1700 |
|           180 | Construction         |          0 |        1700 |
|           190 | Contracting          |          0 |        1700 |
|           200 | Operations           |          0 |        1700 |
|           210 | IT Support           |          0 |        1700 |
|           220 | NOC                  |          0 |        1700 |
|           230 | IT Helpdesk          |          0 |        1700 |
|           240 | Government Sales     |          0 |        1700 |
|           250 | Retail Sales         |          0 |        1700 |
|           260 | Recruiting           |          0 |        1700 |
|           270 | Payroll              |          0 |        1700 |
+---------------+----------------------+------------+-------------+

Sample Solution:

-- Selecting the 'last_name' column from the 'employees' table
SELECT last_name 

-- Filtering rows based on the condition that the 'department_id' is in the result set of a subquery
FROM employees 

-- Subquery to find 'department_id' values from the 'departments' table where the 'department_name' starts with 'IT'
WHERE department_id IN 

  (SELECT department_id 
   FROM departments 

   -- Condition to filter departments whose names start with 'IT'
   WHERE department_name LIKE 'IT%'
  ) 

-- Additional condition to filter rows where the 'salary' is greater than the average salary in the 'employees' table
AND salary > 

  (SELECT avg(salary) 
   FROM employees);

Sample Output:

last_name
Hunold

Code Explanation:

The said query in SQL that retrieve the last names of employees from the 'employees' table based on the departments they work in and their salaries compared to the average salary of all employees.
The query starts by selecting the "last_name" column from the 'employees' table. The result is then filtered using a WHERE clause that specifies two conditions:
The first one is only those employees should be returned whose department IDs exist in departments with a name starting with "IT".
And the second one is the salary of the employees should be greater than the average salary of all employees.
The first condition is achieved using a subquery that retrieves the department IDs from the 'departments' table where the department name starts with "IT".
The second condition is achieved by comparing the salary of the employees with the average salary of all employees, which is calculated using a subquery that returns the average salary from the 'employees' table.

Visual Presentation:

SQL Subqueries: Identify all the employees who earn more than the average and who work in any of the IT departments.

Alternative Statements:

Using JOINs:


SELECT e.last_name 
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE d.department_name LIKE 'IT%' 
    AND e.salary > (SELECT avg(salary) FROM employees);

Using EXISTS Clause:


SELECT last_name 
FROM employees e
WHERE EXISTS 
    (SELECT 1 
    FROM departments d 
    WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id 
    AND d.department_name LIKE 'IT%') 
    AND e.salary > 
    (SELECT avg(salary) 
    FROM employees);

Practice Online


Query Visualization:

Duration:

Query visualization of Identify all the employees who earn more than the average and who work in any of the IT departments - Duration

Rows:

Query visualization of Identify all the employees who earn more than the average and who work in any of the IT departments - Rows

Cost:

Query visualization of Identify all the employees who earn more than the average and who work in any of the IT departments - Cost

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