Java Abstract Classes - Abstract Shape Class with Circle and Triangle Subclasses

Java Abstract Class: Exercise-2 with Solution

Write a Java program to create an abstract class Shape with abstract methods calculateArea() and calculatePerimeter(). Create subclasses Circle and Triangle that extend the Shape class and implement the respective methods to calculate the area and perimeter of each shape.

In the following program Shape is the abstract base class with two abstract methods: calculateArea() and calculatePerimeter(). The Circle and Triangle classes are subclasses of Shape and provide their own implementations for abstract methods.

Sample Solution:

Java Code:

// Shape.java
// Abstract class Shape
abstract class Shape {
    abstract double calculateArea();
    abstract double calculatePerimeter();
}

// Circle.java
// Subclass Circle
class Circle extends Shape {
    private double radius;

    public Circle(double radius) {
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    @Override
    double calculateArea() {
        return Math.PI * radius * radius;
    }

    @Override
    double calculatePerimeter() {
        return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
    }
}

// Triangle.java
// Subclass Triangle
class Triangle extends Shape {
    private double side1;
    private double side2;
    private double side3;

    public Triangle(double side1, double side2, double side3) {
        this.side1 = side1;
        this.side2 = side2;
        this.side3 = side3;
    }

    @Override
    double calculateArea() {
        double s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2; // Semi-perimeter
        return Math.sqrt(s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3));
    }

    @Override
    double calculatePerimeter() {
        return side1 + side2 + side3;
    }
}

// Main.java
// Subclass Main

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
		double r = 4.0;
        Circle circle = new Circle(r);
		double ts1 = 3.0, ts2 = 4.0, ts3 = 5.0;
        Triangle triangle = new Triangle(ts1, ts2, ts3);
        System.out.println("Radius of the Circle"+r);
        System.out.println("Area of the Circle: " + circle.calculateArea());
        System.out.println("Perimeter of the Circle: " + circle.calculatePerimeter());
		System.out.println("\nSides of the Traiangel are: "+ts1+','+ts2+','+ts3);
        System.out.println("Area of the Triangle: " + triangle.calculateArea());
        System.out.println("Perimeter of the Triangle: " + triangle.calculatePerimeter());
    }
}

Sample Output:

Radius of the Circle4.0
Area of the Circle: 50.26548245743669
Perimeter of the Circle: 25.132741228718345

Sides of the Traiangel are: 3.0,4.0,5.0
Area of the Triangle: 6.0
Perimeter of the Triangle: 12.0

Flowchart:

Java Code Editor:

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