C#: Find the minimum element in a stack

Last update on December 20 2024 12:43:52 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

Write a C# program to find the minimum element in a stack.

Sample Solution:

C# Code:

using System;

// Implementation of a Stack data structure
public class Stack
{
    private int[] items; // Array to hold stack elements
    private int top;     // Index representing the top of the stack

    // Constructor to initialize the stack with a specified size
    public Stack(int size)
    {
        items = new int[size]; // Initializing the array with the given size
        top = -1;              // Initializing top to -1, indicating an empty stack
    }

    // Method to check if the stack is empty
    public bool IsEmpty()
    {
        return top == -1; // Returns true if top is -1 (empty stack), otherwise false
    }

    // Method to check if the stack is full
    public bool IsFull()
    {
        return top == items.Length - 1; // Returns true if top is at the last index of the array (full stack)
    }

    // Method to push an element onto the stack
    public void Push(int item)
    {
        if (IsFull())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Stack Full!"); // Displays a message if the stack is full
            return;
        }

        items[++top] = item; // Inserts the item at the incremented top index
    }

    // Method to pop an element from the stack
    public int Pop()
    {
        if (IsEmpty())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Stack underflow"); // Displays a message if the stack is empty
            return -1;
        }

        return items[top--]; // Removes and returns the top element by decrementing top
    }

    // Method to peek at the top element of the stack without removing it
    public int Peek()
    {
        if (IsEmpty())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty"); // Displays a message if the stack is empty
            return -1;
        }

        return items[top]; // Returns the element at the top index without removing it
    }

    // Method to get the current size of the stack
    public static int Size(Stack stack)
    {
        return stack.top + 1; // Returns the number of elements in the stack
    }

    // Method to find the minimum value in the stack
    public static int Min(Stack stack)
    {
        if (stack.IsEmpty())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty"); // Displays a message if the stack is empty
            return -1;
        }

        // Initialize min to the first element of the stack
        int min = stack.Peek();

        // Traverse the stack and compare each element to the current min
        for (int i = stack.top; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (stack.items[i] < min)
            {
                min = stack.items[i]; // Update min if a smaller element is found
            }
        }

        return min; // Return the minimum element found in the stack
    }

    // Method to display the stack elements
    public static void Display(Stack stack)
    {
        if (stack.IsEmpty())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty");
            return;
        }

        Console.WriteLine("Stack elements:");
        for (int i = stack.top; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            Console.Write(stack.items[i] + " "); // Displays each element in the stack
        }
    }
}

// Main class to demonstrate the functionality of the Stack class
public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Initialize a stack:");
        Stack stack = new Stack(10); // Creating a stack with a size of 10

        Console.WriteLine("Input some elements onto the stack:");
        stack.Push(1);
        stack.Push(3);
        stack.Push(4);
        stack.Push(9);
        stack.Push(5);
        stack.Push(6);
        Stack.Display(stack); // Displaying the elements in the original stack

        int min_val = Stack.Min(stack); // Finding the minimum element in the stack
        Console.WriteLine("\nMinimum element in the stack: " + min_val);
    }  
}

Sample Output:

Initialize a stack:
Input some elements onto the stack:
Stack elements:
6 5 9 4 3 1
Minimum element in the stack: 1

Flowchart:

C# Sharp Code Editor:

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