Python: Merge sort - w3resource
w3resource

Python: Merge sort

Python Search and Sorting: Exercise-8 with Solution

Write a Python program to sort a list of elements using the merge sort algorithm.
Note: According to Wikipedia "Merge sort (also commonly spelled mergesort) is an O (n log n) comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the implementation preserves the input order of equal elements in the sorted output."

Algorithm:

Conceptually, a merge sort works as follows :

  • Divide the unsorted list into n sublists, each containing 1 element (a list of 1 element is considered sorted).
  • Repeatedly merge sublists to produce new sorted sublists until there is only 1 sublist remaining. This will be the sorted list.

An example of merge sort:

Merge Sort animation

Merge Sort: Pictorial Presentation

Pictorial Presentation: Merge sort

Sample Solution:

Python Code:

def mergeSort(nlist):
    print("Splitting ",nlist)
    if len(nlist)>1:
        mid = len(nlist)//2
        lefthalf = nlist[:mid]
        righthalf = nlist[mid:]

        mergeSort(lefthalf)
        mergeSort(righthalf)
        i=j=k=0       
        while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
            if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
                nlist[k]=lefthalf[i]
                i=i+1
            else:
                nlist[k]=righthalf[j]
                j=j+1
            k=k+1

        while i < len(lefthalf):
            nlist[k]=lefthalf[i]
            i=i+1
            k=k+1

        while j < len(righthalf):
            nlist[k]=righthalf[j]
            j=j+1
            k=k+1
    print("Merging ",nlist)

nlist = [14,46,43,27,57,41,45,21,70]
mergeSort(nlist)
print(nlist)

Sample Output: 

Splitting  [14, 46, 43, 27, 57, 41, 45, 21, 70]                                                               
Splitting  [14, 46, 43, 27]                                                                                   
Splitting  [14, 46]                                                                                           
Splitting  [14]                                                                                               
Merging  [14]                                                                                                 
Splitting  [46]                         
-------
Merging  [14, 21, 27, 41, 43, 45, 46, 57, 70]                                                                 
[14, 21, 27, 41, 43, 45, 46, 57, 70]

Flowchart:

Flowchart: Python Data Structures and Algorithms: Merge sort

Visualize Python code execution:

The following tool visualize what the computer is doing step-by-step as it executes the said program:

Python Code Editor :

Contribute your code and comments through Disqus.

Previous: Write a Python program to sort a list of elements using shell sort algorithm.
Next: Write a Python program to sort a list of elements using the quick sort algorithm.

What is the difficulty level of this exercise?

Test your Programming skills with w3resource's quiz.



Share this Tutorial / Exercise on : Facebook and Twitter

Python: Tips of the Day

The Zip() Function:

>>> students = ('John', 'Mary', 'Mike')
>>> ages = (15, 17, 16)
>>> scores = (90, 88, 82, 17, 14)
>>> for student, age, score in zip(students, ages, scores):
...     print(f'{student}, age: {age}, score: {score}')
... 
John, age: 15, score: 90
Mary, age: 17, score: 88
Mike, age: 16, score: 82
>>> zipped = zip(students, ages, scores)
>>> a, b, c = zip(*zipped)
>>> print(b)
(15, 17, 16)