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AdventureWorks Database: Fetch columns using multiple CTE in a single query

SQL Query - AdventureWorks: Exercise-164 with Solution

164. From the following table write a query in SQL to find the SalesPersonID, salesyear, totalsales, salesquotayear, salesquota, and amt_above_or_below_quota columns. Sort the result set in ascending order on SalesPersonID, and SalesYear columns.

Sample table: Sales.SalesOrderHeader 
salesorderid|revisionnumber|orderdate              |duedate                |shipdate               |status|onlineorderflag|purchaseordernumber|accountnumber |customerid|salespersonid|territoryid|billtoaddressid|shiptoaddressid|shipmethodid|creditcardid|creditcardapprovalcode|currencyrateid|subtotal   |taxamt    |freight  |totaldue   |comment|rowguid                             |modifieddate           |
------------+--------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+------+---------------+-------------------+--------------+----------+-------------+-----------+---------------+---------------+------------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+-----------+-------+------------------------------------+-----------------------+
       43659|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO522145787        |10-4020-000676|     29825|          279|          5|            985|            985|           5|       16281|105041Vi84182         |              | 20565.6206| 1971.5149| 616.0984| 23153.2339|       |79b65321-39ca-4115-9cba-8fe0903e12e6|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
       43660|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO18850127500      |10-4020-000117|     29672|          279|          5|            921|            921|           5|        5618|115213Vi29411         |              |  1294.2529|  124.2483|  38.8276|  1457.3288|       |738dc42d-d03b-48a1-9822-f95a67ea7389|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
       43661|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO18473189620      |10-4020-000442|     29734|          282|          6|            517|            517|           5|        1346|85274Vi6854           |             4| 32726.4786| 3153.7696|  985.553| 36865.8012|       |d91b9131-18a4-4a11-bc3a-90b6f53e9d74|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
       43662|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO18444174044      |10-4020-000227|     29994|          282|          6|            482|            482|           5|       10456|125295Vi53935         |             4| 28832.5289| 2775.1646| 867.2389| 32474.9324|       |4a1ecfc0-cc3a-4740-b028-1c50bb48711c|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
       43663|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO18009186470      |10-4020-000510|     29565|          276|          4|           1073|           1073|           5|        4322|45303Vi22691          |              |   419.4589|   40.2681|  12.5838|   472.3108|       |9b1e7a40-6ae0-4ad3-811c-a64951857c4b|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
       43664|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO16617121983      |10-4020-000397|     29898|          280|          1|            876|            876|           5|         806|95555Vi4081           |              | 24432.6088| 2344.9921|   732.81| 27510.4109|       |22a8a5da-8c22-42ad-9241-839489b6ef0d|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
       43665|             8|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|2011-06-12 00:00:00.000|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|     5|false          |PO16588191572      |10-4020-000146|     29580|          283|          1|            849|            849|           5|       15232|35568Vi78804          |              | 14352.7713| 1375.9427| 429.9821| 16158.6961|       |5602c304-853c-43d7-9e79-76e320d476cf|2011-06-07 00:00:00.000|
	   -- more --

Click to view Full table

Sample table: Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory 
businessentityid|quotadate              |salesquota|rowguid                             |modifieddate           |
----------------+-----------------------+----------+------------------------------------+-----------------------+
             274|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|     28000|99109bbf-8693-4587-bc23-6036ec89e1be|2011-04-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2011-08-31 00:00:00.000|      7000|dfd01444-8900-461c-8d6f-04598dae01d4|2011-07-17 00:00:00.000|
             274|2011-12-01 00:00:00.000|     91000|0a69f453-9689-4ccf-a08c-c644670f5668|2011-10-17 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-02-29 00:00:00.000|    140000|da8d1458-5fb9-4c3e-9ead-8f5ce1393047|2012-01-15 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-05-30 00:00:00.000|     70000|760cef84-b980-417b-a667-7358c38857f0|2012-04-15 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-08-30 00:00:00.000|    154000|fb29e024-f26a-49aa-a7cc-c99ae7ba4853|2012-07-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-11-30 00:00:00.000|    107000|13947d2c-a254-47c9-8817-cbd186ffa526|2012-10-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-02-28 00:00:00.000|     58000|bc1a222f-47a0-48d1-9c56-ac873269dc98|2013-01-14 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-05-30 00:00:00.000|    263000|8b4e3cbf-f0ef-49c5-9a8c-87679055057e|2013-04-15 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-08-30 00:00:00.000|    116000|e9de95e3-b119-4441-bd1d-b27fc4516022|2013-07-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-11-30 00:00:00.000|     84000|7cea47b5-8391-4414-a866-ff6ec6628cd3|2013-10-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2014-03-01 00:00:00.000|    187000|0cfb6474-20aa-46d3-a5c0-29dba2eda025|2014-01-15 00:00:00.000|
-- more --

Click to view Full table

Sample Solution:

-- Common Table Expressions (CTEs) are used to define two temporary result sets: Sales_CTE and Sales_Quota_CTE.
-- Sales_CTE calculates the total sales for each salesperson per year.
WITH Sales_CTE (SalesPersonID, TotalSales, SalesYear) AS
(
    -- Selecting SalesPersonID, calculating the sum of TotalDue as TotalSales, and extracting the year from OrderDate as SalesYear
    SELECT SalesPersonID, SUM(TotalDue) AS TotalSales, DATE_PART('year', OrderDate) AS SalesYear
    FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
    -- Filtering out rows where SalesPersonID is not null
    WHERE SalesPersonID IS NOT NULL
    -- Grouping the results by SalesPersonID and the year extracted from OrderDate
    GROUP BY SalesPersonID, DATE_PART('year', OrderDate)
),
-- Sales_Quota_CTE calculates the total sales quota for each salesperson per year.
Sales_Quota_CTE (BusinessEntityID, SalesQuota, SalesQuotaYear) AS
(
    -- Selecting BusinessEntityID, calculating the sum of SalesQuota as SalesQuota, and extracting the year from QuotaDate as SalesQuotaYear
    SELECT BusinessEntityID, SUM(SalesQuota) AS SalesQuota, DATE_PART('year', QuotaDate) AS SalesQuotaYear
    FROM Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory
    -- Grouping the results by BusinessEntityID and the year extracted from QuotaDate
    GROUP BY BusinessEntityID, DATE_PART('year', QuotaDate)
)
-- The main query combines data from the two CTEs to calculate the difference between total sales and sales quota for each salesperson and year.
SELECT SalesPersonID
    , SalesYear
    , CAST(TotalSales AS VARCHAR(10)) AS TotalSales
    , SalesQuotaYear
    , CAST(TotalSales AS VARCHAR(10)) AS SalesQuota
    , CAST(TotalSales - SalesQuota AS VARCHAR(10)) AS Amt_Above_or_Below_Quota
FROM Sales_CTE
-- Joining Sales_CTE with Sales_Quota_CTE on SalesPersonID and SalesYear
JOIN Sales_Quota_CTE ON Sales_Quota_CTE.BusinessEntityID = Sales_CTE.SalesPersonID
                    AND Sales_CTE.SalesYear = Sales_Quota_CTE.SalesQuotaYear
-- Ordering the results by SalesPersonID and SalesYear
ORDER BY SalesPersonID, SalesYear;

Explanation:

  • The query calculates the total sales and sales quota for each salesperson per year and then computes the difference between them.
  • Two CTEs are defined: Sales_CTE and Sales_Quota_CTE, each responsible for computing total sales and total sales quota respectively.
  • Sales_CTE calculates total sales by summing up the TotalDue column from the SalesOrderHeader table for each salesperson and year.
  • Sales_Quota_CTE calculates total sales quota by summing up the SalesQuota column from the SalesPersonQuotaHistory table for each salesperson and year.
  • The main query joins the two CTEs on SalesPersonID and SalesYear and calculates the difference between total sales and sales quota (TotalSales - SalesQuota).
  • The results are ordered by SalesPersonID and SalesYear.

Sample Output:

salespersonid|salesyear|totalsales|salesquotayear|salesquota|amt_above_or_below_quota|
-------------+---------+----------+--------------+----------+------------------------+
          274|   2011.0|32567.9155|        2011.0|32567.9155|-93432.084              |
          274|   2012.0|516197.368|        2012.0|516197.368|45197.3680              |
          274|   2013.0|485880.642|        2013.0|485880.642|-35119.358              |
          274|   2014.0|201288.519|        2014.0|201288.519|14288.5196              |
          275|   2011.0|986298.090|        2011.0|986298.090|-438701.90              |
          275|   2012.0|3806298.30|        2012.0|3806298.30|-225701.69              |
          275|   2013.0|4490942.20|        2013.0|4490942.20|-345057.79              |
          275|   2014.0|1191828.47|        2014.0|1191828.47|322828.474              |
          276|   2011.0|1294819.74|        2011.0|1294819.74|-788180.25              |
          276|   2012.0|4328860.05|        2012.0|4328860.05|465860.053              |
          276|   2013.0|4637217.83|        2013.0|4637217.83|-78782.167              |
          276|   2014.0|1434121.43|        2014.0|1434121.43|310121.430              |
          277|   2011.0|1477158.28|        2011.0|1477158.28|-805841.71              |
          277|   2012.0|4865650.84|        2012.0|4865650.84|122650.842              |
...

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