JavaScript: Perform a binary search within an array

JavaScript Array: Exercise-18 with Solution

Write a JavaScript program to perform a binary search.

Note : A binary search or half-interval search algorithm finds the position of a specified input value within an array sorted by key value.

Sample array:
var items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9];
Expected Output:
console.log(binary_Search(items, 1)); //0
console.log(binary_Search(items, 5)); //4

Sample Solution:

JavaScript Code:

// Function to perform binary search on a sorted array
function binary_Search(items, value) {
    // Initialize variables for the first, last, and middle indices of the array
    var firstIndex  = 0,
        lastIndex   = items.length - 1,
        middleIndex = Math.floor((lastIndex + firstIndex) / 2);

    // Continue the search while the middle element is not equal to the target value
    // and the first index is less than the last index
    while (items[middleIndex] != value && firstIndex < lastIndex) {
        // Adjust the search range based on whether the target value is less or greater than the middle element
        if (value < items[middleIndex]) {
            lastIndex = middleIndex - 1;
        } else if (value > items[middleIndex]) {
            firstIndex = middleIndex + 1;
        }
        // Recalculate the middle index for the next iteration
        middleIndex = Math.floor((lastIndex + firstIndex) / 2);
    }

    // Return the index of the target value if found, otherwise return -1
    return (items[middleIndex] != value) ? -1 : middleIndex;
}

// Sorted array for testing
var items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9];

// Perform binary search for the target values 1 and 5
console.log(binary_Search(items, 1));   
console.log(binary_Search(items, 5));
  

Output:

0
4

Flowchart:

ES6 Version:

// Function to perform binary search on a sorted array
const binary_Search = (items, value) => {
    // Initialize variables for the first, last, and middle indices of the array
    let firstIndex = 0;
    let lastIndex = items.length - 1;
    let middleIndex = Math.floor((lastIndex + firstIndex) / 2);

    // Continue the search while the middle element is not equal to the target value
    // and the first index is less than the last index
    while (items[middleIndex] !== value && firstIndex < lastIndex) {
        // Adjust the search range based on whether the target value is less or greater than the middle element
        if (value < items[middleIndex]) {
            lastIndex = middleIndex - 1;
        } else if (value > items[middleIndex]) {
            firstIndex = middleIndex + 1;
        }
        // Recalculate the middle index for the next iteration
        middleIndex = Math.floor((lastIndex + firstIndex) / 2);
    }

    // Return the index of the target value if found, otherwise return -1
    return (items[middleIndex] !== value) ? -1 : middleIndex;
};

// Sorted array for testing
const items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9];

// Perform binary search for the target values 1 and 5
console.log(binary_Search(items, 1));   
console.log(binary_Search(items, 5));

Live Demo:

See the Pen JavaScript - Perform a binary search within an array - array-ex- 18 by w3resource (@w3resource) on CodePen.

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