AdventureWorks Database: Find the sales quota difference between the current and the first and last quarter

SQL Query - AdventureWorks: Exercise-107 with Solution

107. From the following table write a query in SQL to compute the difference between the sales quota value for the current quarter and the first and last quarter of the year respectively for a given number of employees. Return BusinessEntityID, quarter, year, differences between current quarter and first and last quarter. Sort the result set on BusinessEntityID, SalesYear, and Quarter in ascending order.

businessentityid|quotadate              |salesquota|rowguid                             |modifieddate           |
----------------+-----------------------+----------+------------------------------------+-----------------------+
             274|2011-05-31 00:00:00.000|     28000|99109bbf-8693-4587-bc23-6036ec89e1be|2011-04-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2011-08-31 00:00:00.000|      7000|dfd01444-8900-461c-8d6f-04598dae01d4|2011-07-17 00:00:00.000|
             274|2011-12-01 00:00:00.000|     91000|0a69f453-9689-4ccf-a08c-c644670f5668|2011-10-17 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-02-29 00:00:00.000|    140000|da8d1458-5fb9-4c3e-9ead-8f5ce1393047|2012-01-15 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-05-30 00:00:00.000|     70000|760cef84-b980-417b-a667-7358c38857f0|2012-04-15 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-08-30 00:00:00.000|    154000|fb29e024-f26a-49aa-a7cc-c99ae7ba4853|2012-07-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2012-11-30 00:00:00.000|    107000|13947d2c-a254-47c9-8817-cbd186ffa526|2012-10-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-02-28 00:00:00.000|     58000|bc1a222f-47a0-48d1-9c56-ac873269dc98|2013-01-14 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-05-30 00:00:00.000|    263000|8b4e3cbf-f0ef-49c5-9a8c-87679055057e|2013-04-15 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-08-30 00:00:00.000|    116000|e9de95e3-b119-4441-bd1d-b27fc4516022|2013-07-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2013-11-30 00:00:00.000|     84000|7cea47b5-8391-4414-a866-ff6ec6628cd3|2013-10-16 00:00:00.000|
             274|2014-03-01 00:00:00.000|    187000|0cfb6474-20aa-46d3-a5c0-29dba2eda025|2014-01-15 00:00:00.000|
-- more --

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Sample Solution:

-- Selecting various columns including BusinessEntityID, quarter, sales year, sales quota for the current quarter,
-- and differences in sales quota from the first and last quarters
SELECT BusinessEntityID,
       DATE_PART('quarter', QuotaDate) AS Quarter,
       date_part('year',QuotaDate) AS SalesYear,
       SalesQuota AS QuotaThisQuarter,
       -- Calculating the difference between the current sales quota and the first sales quota of the year
       SalesQuota - FIRST_VALUE(SalesQuota) OVER (
           PARTITION BY BusinessEntityID, date_part('year',QuotaDate)
           ORDER BY DATE_PART('quarter', QuotaDate)
       ) AS DifferenceFromFirstQuarter,
       -- Calculating the difference between the current sales quota and the last sales quota of the year
       SalesQuota - LAST_VALUE(SalesQuota) OVER (
           PARTITION BY BusinessEntityID, date_part('year',QuotaDate)
           ORDER BY DATE_PART('quarter', QuotaDate)
           RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
       ) AS DifferenceFromLastQuarter
-- From the Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory table
FROM Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory
-- Filtering records for years after 2005 and specific BusinessEntityIDs
WHERE date_part('year',QuotaDate) > 2005 AND BusinessEntityID BETWEEN 274 AND 275
-- Ordering the results by BusinessEntityID, SalesYear, and Quarter
ORDER BY BusinessEntityID, SalesYear, Quarter;

Explanation:

• This SQL query retrieves data related to sales quotas for specific quarters and calculates the differences in sales quotas from the first and last quarters of each year for certain BusinessEntityIDs.
• The SELECT clause specifies the columns to be retrieved, including BusinessEntityID, quarter, sales year, sales quota for the current quarter, and the differences from the first and last quarters.
• The FROM clause indicates the source table, Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory, from which the data will be retrieved.
• The WHERE clause filters the data to include only records with sales years after 2005 and specific BusinessEntityIDs.
• The OVER clause with the FIRST_VALUE function calculates the difference between the current sales quota and the first sales quota of the year, while the LAST_VALUE function calculates the difference from the last sales quota of the year.
• The PARTITION BY clause partitions the data by BusinessEntityID and sales year, and the ORDER BY clause arranges the data by BusinessEntityID, SalesYear, and Quarter.

Sample Output:

businessentityid|quarter|salesyear|quotathisquarter|differencefromfirstquarter|differencefromlastquarter|
----------------+-------+---------+----------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+
             274|    2.0|   2011.0|           28000|                         0|                   -63000|
             274|    3.0|   2011.0|            7000|                    -21000|                   -84000|
             274|    4.0|   2011.0|           91000|                     63000|                        0|
             274|    1.0|   2012.0|          140000|                         0|                    33000|
             274|    2.0|   2012.0|           70000|                    -70000|                   -37000|
             274|    3.0|   2012.0|          154000|                     14000|                    47000|
             274|    4.0|   2012.0|          107000|                    -33000|                        0|
             274|    1.0|   2013.0|           58000|                         0|                   -26000|
             274|    2.0|   2013.0|          263000|                    205000|                   179000|
             274|    3.0|   2013.0|          116000|                     58000|                    32000|
             274|    4.0|   2013.0|           84000|                     26000|                        0|
             274|    1.0|   2014.0|          187000|                         0|                        0|
             275|    2.0|   2011.0|          367000|                         0|                  -135000|
			 
...

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