SQL Exercises: Economics, Chemistry listed at end of 1970 as winners

SQL Basic Select Statement: Exercise-24 with Solution.

From the following table, write a SQL query to find the details of 1970 Nobel Prize winners. Order the results by subject, ascending except for 'Chemistry' and ‘Economics’ which will come at the end of the result set. Return year, subject, winner, country, and category.

Sample table: nobel_win

YEAR SUBJECT                   WINNER                                        COUNTRY                CATEGORY
---- ------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------
1970 Physics                   Hannes Alfven                                 Sweden                 Scientist
1970 Physics                   Louis Neel                                    France                 Scientist
1970 Chemistry                 Luis Federico Leloir                          France                 Scientist
1970 Physiology                Ulf von Euler                                 Sweden                 Scientist
1970 Physiology                Bernard Katz                                  Germany                Scientist
1970 Literature                Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn                        Russia                 Linguist
1970 Economics                 Paul Samuelson                                USA                    Economist
1970 Physiology                Julius Axelrod                                USA                    Scientist
1971 Physics                   Dennis Gabor                                  Hungary                Scientist
1971 Chemistry                 Gerhard Herzberg                              Germany                Scientist
1971 Peace                     Willy Brandt                                  Germany                Chancellor
1971 Literature                Pablo Neruda                                  Chile                  Linguist
1971 Economics                 Simon Kuznets                                 Russia                 Economist
1978 Peace                     Anwar al-Sadat                                Egypt                  President
1978 Peace                     Menachem Begin                                Israel                 Prime Minister
1987 Chemistry                 Donald J. Cram                                USA                    Scientist
1987 Chemistry                 Jean-Marie Lehn                               France                 Scientist
1987 Physiology                Susumu Tonegawa                               Japan                  Scientist
1994 Economics                 Reinhard Selten                               Germany                Economist
1994 Peace                     Yitzhak Rabin                                 Israel                 Prime Minister
1987 Physics                   Johannes Georg Bednorz                        Germany                Scientist
1987 Literature                Joseph Brodsky                                Russia                 Linguist
1987 Economics                 Robert Solow                                  USA                    Economist
1994 Literature                Kenzaburo Oe                                  Japan                  Linguist

Sample Solution :

-- This query selects all columns from the 'nobel_win' table.
SELECT *
-- Specifies the table from which to retrieve the data (in this case, 'nobel_win').
FROM nobel_win
-- Filters the rows to only include those where the 'year' column has the value 1970.
WHERE year = 1970
-- Orders the result set based on multiple criteria.
ORDER BY
  -- The CASE statement assigns a priority (1 or 0) based on the 'subject' column.
  CASE
    WHEN subject IN ('Economics', 'Chemistry') THEN 1
    ELSE 0
  END ASC,
  -- Orders the result set by 'subject' in ascending order.
  subject,
  -- Orders the result set by 'winner' in ascending order.
  winner;

Output of the Query:

year	subject		winner				country		category
1970	Literature	Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn		Russia		Linguist
1970	Physics		Hannes Alfven			Sweden		Scientist
1970	Physics		Louis Neel			France		Scientist
1970	Physiology	Bernard Katz			Germany		Scientist
1970	Physiology	Julius Axelrod			USA		Scientist
1970	Physiology	Ulf von Euler			Sweden		Scientist
1970	Chemistry	Luis Federico Leloir		France		Scientist
1970	Economics	Paul Samuelson			USA		Economist

Code Explanation:

The given SQL query retrieves all columns from the 'nobel_win' table where the year is 1970. The query will return all rows that match this criteria. The output will be sorted based on the following order:
First, it will sort the rows where the subject is either 'Economics' or 'Chemistry' and put them in the first group and sort them by ascending order.
Next, it will sort the remaining rows by subject in ascending order.
Lastly, it will sort the remaining rows alphabetically based on the name of the winner in ascending order.
The ORDER BY clause uses a CASE statement to evaluate the subject column, if the subject is 'Economics' or 'Chemistry' it will return 1 and for all other subjects it will return 0. This will sort the rows with 'Economics' or 'Chemistry' as the subject in the first group and all other subjects in the second group.
In the end, the output will be a list of all Nobel Prizes awarded in 1970, with the rows where the subject or the winner's name is either 'Economics' or 'Chemistry' listed first, followed by all other rows sorted by their subject and name.

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