Matplotlib: - Exercises, Practice, Solution
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Matplotlib is a Python plotting library which produces publication quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Matplotlib can be used in Python scripts, the Python and IPython shells, the Jupyter notebook, web application servers, and four graphical user interface toolkits.
The best way we learn anything is by practice and exercise questions. Here you have the opportunity to practice the NumPy concepts by solving the exercises starting from basic to more complex exercises. A sample solution is provided for each exercise. It is recommended to do these exercises by yourself first before checking the solution.
Hope, these exercises help you to improve your Matplotlib coding skills. Currently, following sections are available, we are working hard to add more exercises .... Happy Coding!
List of Matplotlib Exercises:
Matplotlib Basics
Creating Plots
Figure
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| fig = plt.figures() | a container that contains all plot elements |
Axes
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| fig.add_axes() a = fig.add_subplot(222) |
Initializes subplot A subplot is an axes on a grid system row-col-num. |
| fig, b = plt.subplots(nrows=3, nclos=2) | Adds subplot |
| ax = plt.subplots(2, 2) | Creates subplot |
Plotting
1D Data
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| lines = plt.plot(x,y) | Plot data connected by lines |
| plt.scatter(x,y) | Creates a scatterplot, unconnected data points |
| plt.bar(xvalue, data , width, color...) | simple vertical bar chart |
| plt.barh(yvalue, data, width, color...) | simple horizontal bar |
| plt.hist(x, y) | Plots a histogram |
| plt.boxplot(x,y) | Box and Whisker plot |
| plt.violinplot(x, y) | Creates violin plot |
| ax.fill(x, y, color='lightblue') ax.fill_between(x,y,color='yellow') |
Fill area under/between plots |
2D Data
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| fig, ax = plt.subplots() im = ax.imshow(img, cmap, vmin...) |
Colormapped or RGB arrays |
Saving plots
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.savefig('pic.png') | Saves plot/figure to image |
| plt.savefig('transparentback.png') | Saves transparent plot/figure to image |
Customization
Color
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.plot(x, y, color='lightblue') plt.plot(x, y, alpha = 0.4) |
colors plot to color blue |
| plt.colorbar(mappable, orientation='horizontal') |
mappable: the Image, Contourset etc to which colorbar applies |
Markers
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.plot(x, y, marker='*') | adds * for every data point |
| plt.scatter(x, y, marker='.') | adds . for every data point |
Lines
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.plot(x, y, linewidth=2) | Sets line width |
| plt.plot(x, y, ls='solid') | Sets linestyle, ls can be ommitted, see 2 below |
| plt.plot(x, y, ls='--') | Sets linestyle, ls can be ommitted, see below |
| plt.plot(x,y,'--', x**2, y**2, '-.') | Lines are '--' and '_.' |
| plt.setp(lines,color='red',linewidth=2) | Sets properties of plot lines |
Text
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.text(1, 1,'Example Text',style='italic') |
Places text at coordinates 1/1 |
| ax.annotate('some annotation', xy=(10, 10)) | Annotate the point with coordinatesxy with text s |
| plt.title(r'$delta_i=20$', fontsize=10) | Mathtext |
Limits
| Operators | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.xlim(0, 7) | Sets x-axis to display 0 - 7 |
| other = array.copy() | Creates deep copy of array |
| plt.ylim(-0.5, 9) | Sets y-axis to display -0.5 - 9 |
| ax.set(xlim=[0, 7], ylim=[-0.5, 9]) ax.set_xlim(0, 7) |
Sets limits |
| plt.margins(x=1.0, y=1.0) | Set margins: add padding to a plot, values 0 - 1 |
| plt.axis('equal') | Set the aspect ratio of the plot to 1 |
Legends/Labels
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.title('just a title') | Sets title of plot |
| plt.xlabel('x-axis') | Sets label next to x-axis |
| plt.ylabel('y-axis') | Sets label next to y-axis |
| ax.set(title='axis', ylabel='Y-Axis', xlabel='X-Axis') | Set title and axis labels |
| ax.legend(loc='best') | No overlapping plot elements |
Ticks
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| plt.xticks(x, labels, rotation='vertical') | Set ticks |
| ax.xaxis.set(ticks=range(1,5), ticklabels=[3,100,-12,"foo"]) | Set x-ticks |
| ax.tick_params(axis='y', direction='inout', length=10) | Make y-ticks longer and go in and out |
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