Java Polymorphism Programming - Shape Class with Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle Subclasses for Area Calculation

Java Polymorphism: Exercise-3 with Solution

Write a Java program to create a base class Shape with a method called calculateArea(). Create three subclasses: Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle. Override the calculateArea() method in each subclass to calculate and return the shape's area.

In the given exercise, here is a simple diagram illustrating polymorphism implementation:

In the above diagram, the Shape class is the base class, and it has a single method calculateArea(). The Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle classes inherit from the Shape class and override the calculateArea() method.

This diagram visually represents the class structure and the polymorphism relationship between the classes involved in the implementation.

Sample Solution:

Java Code:

// Shape.java
// Base class Shape

// Declare the Shape class
public class Shape {
    // Method to calculate the area of the shape
    // Default implementation returns 0
    public double calculateArea() {
        return 0;
    }
}

// Circle.java
// Subclass Circle

// Define the Circle class as a subclass of Shape
public class Circle extends Shape {

    // Declare a private double variable radius
    private double radius;

    // Constructor for Circle class that takes radius as a parameter
    public Circle(double radius) {
        // Assign the parameter radius to the instance variable radius
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    // Override the calculateArea method from the Shape class
    @Override
    public double calculateArea() {
        // Calculate and return the area of the circle using the formula πr²
        return Math.PI * radius * radius;
    }
} 

// Rectangle.java
// Subclass Rectangle

// Define the Rectangle class as a subclass of Shape
public class Rectangle extends Shape {

    // Declare private double variables width and height
    private double width;
    private double height;

    // Constructor for Rectangle class that takes width and height as parameters
    public Rectangle(double width, double height) {
        // Assign the parameter width to the instance variable width
        this.width = width;
        // Assign the parameter height to the instance variable height
        this.height = height;
    }

    // Override the calculateArea method from the Shape class
    @Override
    public double calculateArea() {
        // Calculate and return the area of the rectangle using the formula width * height
        return width * height;
    }
} 

// Triangle.java
// Subclass Triangle

// Define the Triangle class as a subclass of Shape
public class Triangle extends Shape {

    // Declare private double variables base and height
    private double base;
    private double height;

    // Constructor for Triangle class that takes base and height as parameters
    public Triangle(double base, double height) {
        // Assign the parameter base to the instance variable base
        this.base = base;
        // Assign the parameter height to the instance variable height
        this.height = height;
    }

    // Override the calculateArea method from the Shape class
    @Override
    public double calculateArea() {
        // Calculate and return the area of the triangle using the formula 0.5 * base * height
        return 0.5 * base * height;
    }
}

// Main.java
// Main class

// Define the Main class
public class Main {

    // Main method that serves as the entry point for the application
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Create a Circle object with radius 4
        Circle circle = new Circle(4);
        // Print the area of the Circle object
        System.out.println("Area of Circle: " + circle.calculateArea());

        // Create a Rectangle object with width 12 and height 34
        Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(12, 34);
        // Print the area of the Rectangle object
        System.out.println("\nArea of Rectangle: " + rectangle.calculateArea());

        // Create a Triangle object with base 5 and height 9
        Triangle triangle = new Triangle(5, 9);
        // Print the area of the Triangle object
        System.out.println("\nArea of Triangle: " + triangle.calculateArea());
    }
} 

Output:

Area of Circle: 50.26548245743669

Area of Rectangle: 408.0

Area of Triangle: 22.5

Flowchart:

Java Code Editor:

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