Python: Module Index
Module Index
| Name | Description |
| abc | Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119. |
| aifc | Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format. |
| argparse | Command-line option and argument parsing library. |
| array | Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values. |
| ast | Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation. |
| asynchat | Support for asynchronous command/response protocols. |
| asyncio | Asynchronous I/O. |
| asyncore | A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling services. |
| atexit | Register and execute cleanup functions. |
| audioop | Manipulate raw audio data. |
| base64 | RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85 |
| bdb | Debugger framework. |
| binascii | Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary. |
| binhex | Encode and decode files in binhex4 format |
| bisect | Array bisection algorithms for binary searching. |
| builtins | The module that provides the built-in namespace. |
| bz2 | Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression. |
| calendar | Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program. |
| cgi | Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface. |
| cgitb | Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts. |
| chunk | Module to read IFF chunks. |
| cmath | Mathematical functions for complex numbers. |
| cmd | Build line-oriented command interpreters. |
| code | Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops. |
| codes | Encode and decode data and streams. |
| codeop | Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code. |
| collections | Container datatypes |
| colorsys | Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems. |
| compileall | Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree. |
| configparser | Configuration file parser. |
| contextlib | Utilities for with-statement contexts. |
| contextvars | Context Variables |
| copy | Shallow and deep copy operations. |
| copyreg | Register pickle support functions. |
| cProfile | This function takes a single argument that can be passed to the exec() function, and an optional file name. In all cases this routine executes: |
| crypy(Unix) | The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. |
| csv | Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files. |
| ctypes | A foreign function library for Python. |
| map() | The map() function is used to execute a specified function for each item in a inerrable. |
| .curses(Unix) | An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. |
| dataclasses | Generate special methods on user-defined classes. |
| datetime | Basic date and time types. |
| .dbm | Interfaces to various Unix "database" formats. |
| decimal | Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. |
| difflib | Helpers for computing differences between objects. |
| dis | Disassembler for Python bytecode. |
| .distutils | Support for building and installing Python modules into an existing Python installation. |
| doctest | Test pieces of code within docstrings. |
| dummy_threading | Drop-in replacement for the threading module. |
| Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages. | |
| ensurepip | Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment. |
| enum | The repr() function returns a string containing a printable representation of an object. |
| errno | Standard errno system symbols. |
| faulthandler | Dump the Python traceback. |
| fcntl (Unix) | The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. |
| filecmp | The setattr() function is used to set the value of the specified attribute of the specified object. |
| fileinput | Loop over standard input or a list of files. |
| fnmatch | Unix shell style filename pattern matching. |
| fractions | Rational numbers. |
| ftplib | The sum() function is used to get the sum of all items in an iterable. |
| functools | Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects. |
| gc | Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector. |
| getopt | Portable parser for command line options; support both short and long option names. |
| getpass | Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid. |
| gettext | Multilingual internationalization services. |
| glob | Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion. |
| grp(Unix) | The group database (getgrnam() and friends). |
| gzip | Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects. |
| hashlib | Secure hash and message digest algorithms. |
| heapq | Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue). |
| hmac | Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation |
| .html | Helpers for manipulating HTML. |
| .http | HTTP status codes and messages |
| imaplib | IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets). |
| imghdr | Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream. |
| importlib | The implementation of the import machinery. |
| inspect | Extract information and source code from live objects. |
| io | Core tools for working with streams. |
| ipaddress | IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library. |
| itertools | Functions creating iterators for efficient looping. |
| .json | Encode and decode the JSON format |
| keyword | Test whether a string is a keyword in Python. |
| lib2to3 | the 2to3 library |
| linecache | This module provides random access to individual lines from text files. |
| locale | Internationalization services. |
| logging | Flexible event logging system for applications. |
| lzma | A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library. |
| macpath | Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions. |
| mailbox | Manipulate mailboxes in various formats |
| mailcap | Mailcap file handling. |
| marshal | Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints). |
| math | Mathematical functions (sin() etc.). |
| mimetypes | Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types. |
| mmap | Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows. |
| modulefinder | Find modules used by a script. |
| mslib(windows) | Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files. |
| msvcrt(windows) | Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime. |
| .multiprocessing | Process-based parallelism. |
| netrc | Loading of .netrc files. |
| nis(Unix) | Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library. |
| nntplib | NNTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
| numbers | Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.). |
| operator | Functions corresponding to the standard operators. |
| .os | Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. |
| ossaudiodev(Linux, FreeBSD) | Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. |
| parser | Access parse trees for Python source code. |
| pathlib | Object-oriented filesystem paths |
| pdb | The Python debugger for interactive interpreters. |
| pickle | Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back. |
| pickletools | Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions. |
| pipes(Unix) | A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. |
| pkgutil | Utilities for the import system. |
| platform | pkgutil |
| plistlib | Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files. |
| poplib | POP3 protocol client (requires sockets). |
| posix(Umix | The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). |
| pprint | Data pretty printer |
| profile | Python source profiler. |
| pstats | Statistics object for use with the profiler |
| pty(Linux) | Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. |
| pwd(Unix) | The password database (getpwnam() and friends). |
| py_compile | Generate byte-code files from Python source files. |
| pyclbr | Supports information extraction for a Python class browser. |
| pydoc | Documentation generator and online help system. |
| queue | A synchronized queue class. |
| quopri | Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding. |
| random | Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions. |
| re | Regular expression operations. |
| readline(Unix) | GNU readline support for Python. |
| reprlib | Alternate repr() implementation with size limits. |
| resource(Unix) | An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. |
| rlcompleter | Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library. |
| runpy | Locate and run Python modules without importing them first. |
| sched | General purpose event scheduler. |
| secrets | Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets. |
| select | Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams. |
| selectors | High-level I/O multiplexing. |
| shelve | Python object persistence. |
| shlex | Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages. |
| shutil | High-level file operations, including copying. |
| signal | Set handlers for asynchronous events. |
| site | Module responsible for site-specific configuration. |
| smtpd | A SMTP server implementation in Python. |
| smtplib | SMTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
| sndhdr | Determine type of a sound file. |
| socket | Low-level networking interface |
| socketserver | A framework for network servers. |
| spwd(Unix) | The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). |
| sqlite3 | A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x. |
| ssl | TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects |
| stat | Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat(). |
| statistics | mathematical statistics functions |
| string | Common string operations. |
| stringprep | String preparation, as per RFC 3453 |
| struct | Interpret bytes as packed binary data. |
| subprocess | Subprocess management. |
| sunau | Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format. |
| symbol | Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree. |
| symtable | Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables. |
| sys | Access system-specific parameters and functions. |
| sysconfig | Python's configuration information |
| syslog(Unix) | An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. |
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