w3resource

PHP : htmlspecialchars() function

Description

The htmlspecialchars() function is used to converts special characters ( e.g. & (ampersand), " (double quote), ' (single quote), < (less than), > (greater than)) to HTML entities ( i.e. & (ampersand) becomes &amp, ' (single quote) becomes &#039, < (less than) becomes &lt; (greater than) becomes &gt; ).

Version:

(PHP 4 and above)

Syntax:

htmlspecialchars(input_string,quote_style,character_set)

Parameter:

Name Description Required /
Optional 		Type
input_string The string to be converted. Required String
quote_style Encoding single and double quote.
ENT_COMPAT : Convert double quotes and leave single quotes unchanged.
ENT_COMPAT is the default setting
ENT_QUOTES : Converts both single and double quotes.
ENT_NOQUOTES: Converts neither single nor double quotes.		 Optional Integer
charset Refers the character set to be used.
List of character set.
ISO-8859-1 : Western European, Latin-1 [default character set].
ISO-8859-15 : Western European, Latin-9. UTF-8 : ASCII compatible multi-byte 8-bit Unicode.
cp866 : DOS-specific Cyrillic charset.
cp1251 : Windows-specific Cyrillic charset.
cp1252 : Windows-specific charset for Western European.
KOI8-R : Russian.
BIG5 : Traditional Chinese.
GB2312 : Simplified Chinese.
BIG5-HKSCS : Big5 with Hong Kong extensions.
Shift_JIS : Japanese.
EUC-JP : Japanese. 		Optional String

Return value:

The converted string.

Value Type: String.

Example: 

<?php
$convert = "<li><a href='index.php'>We are learning php</a></li>";
echo "Original string : ".$convert;
echo "<br />";
htmlspecialchars("<li><a href='index.php'>We are learning php</a></li>", ENT_QUOTES);
echo "Only HTML special characters : ".htmlspecialchars($convert);
?>

Output:

Original string: 

Only HTML special characters :
 <li><a href='index.php'>We are learning php</a></li>

View the example in the browser

See also

PHP Function Reference

Previous: htmlspecialchars_ decode
Next: implode



PHP: Tips of the Day

In PHP, there are two versions of logical AND and OR operators.

Operator True if
$a and $b Both $a and $b are true
$a && $b Both $a and $b are true
$a or $b Either $a or $b is true
$a || $b Either $a or $b is true

Note that the && and || opererators have higher precedence than and and or. See table below:

Evaluation Result of $e Evaluated as
$e = false || true True $e = (false || true)
$e = false or true False ($e = false) or true

Because of this it's safer to use && and || instead of and and or.